Ho Chi Minh City – Museums, Monuments and Galleries   by Lek Boonlert

Famous – or infamous – for the Vietnam War, ended in 1975 with the defeat of South Vietnam and the introduction of the Communist regime, Ho Chi Minh City was ground zero for the tragic conflict just a few years after the country gained independence from its French colonial masters and spilt into two opposing ideological halves. The city holds several interesting museums giving a glimpse into the communist movement in the north of the country headed up by Marxist-Leninist revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh, (1890-1969). The figurehead of the movement in the north during the 30-year conflict and the inspiration for the Viet Cong, he’s known now as the father of the country and affectionately known by many but not all as ‘Uncle Ho’.

Ho Chi Minh City Museum is the home of everything relevant to the revolution and Ho Chi Minh himself, from the August revolution in 1945 to the fall of Saigon in !975. A collection of artillery, fighter planes, a Huey helicopter and tanks are set in the grounds, together with a rowing boat with a false bottom, one of many used for smuggling weapons during the years of conflict. The famous Chu Chi Tunnels are here too, a twisting network of bunkers and tunnels stretching as far as the Reunification Palace.

The War Remnants Museum holds details of both the struggle for independence against the French colonists and the Vietnam War in which the USA was involved, displayed in a somewhat provocative manner. The blatant mood here is of peace and reconciliation rather than fighting, although the original name, the War Crimes Museum, is as much history as the conflicts themselves. Photos, weapons and war machinery take pride of place, explanations are in English as well as Vietnamese and harrowing true stories from the conflict are recorded as coming from the US Military.
The displays in the Military Museum relate mainly to the city’s part in the liberation of the southern regions of the country and include Chinese, Russian and US military hardware as well as documentation. In pride of place are a Cessna A37, an F-5E Tiger fighter plane and a decommissioned tank.

The rambling Vietnamese History Museum relates mostly to the south of the country, but preset Vietnam as a whole in addition. The fine collection of Cham Dynasty sculpture and pottery is the best in the country, with a few prehistoric artefacts also on display, as is Vietnamese weaponry from the 14th century upwards. Interestingly, an entire wing of the vast building is devoted to the diverse ethnic groups living in the south of the country, and important artefacts from the Nguyen imperial period between 1700 and 1945 are also displayed.

In complete contrast to weaponry and tales of torture and conflict are the ever-increasing numbers of art galleries in the city, telling of the gentler side of the Vietnamese psyche. The art scene here is more energetic than in any other region of Vietnam, with the most respected galleries in District 1, close to many hotels in Ho Chi Minh City Centre. Exhibitions take place on a regular basis, and a number of Vietnamese artists are being taken up by international galleries as a result of their work in the city.

The Fine Arts Museum is the focus and principal gallery, with its extensive permanent first floor collection of contemporary art by international and local painters and sculptors. On the second floor are older, more traditional artworks with a focus on the country’s 20th century communist history, and the third floor displays ancient art from as early as the 4th century, with images of Vishnu and the Sakyamuni Buddha. Of course, ‘Uncle Ho’ is depicted in paint and stone, and traditional ceramics, lacquerware and enamelled pieces have their place.

About the Author

Lek Boonlert is an editor and content reviewer at DirectRooms and is responsible for all Hotels in Ho Chi Minh content.
Shadows of the Empire – Imperial City

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”Imitation Greeks”: Being Syrian in the Greco-Roman world (175 BCE–275 CE). $49.99 Because of their relevance to the modern world, the topics of ethnicity, cultural performance, and civic affiliation are central issues of the current scholarship on the ancient Near East. My dissertation therefore analyzes the formation of Greek civic performances among Syrians within the contexts of Greek colonialism and Roman imperialism. By examining how the Near East’s inhabitants reinvented concepts of Greek, Roman, and Syrian identification by interweaving the traditions of these cultures, it demonstrates how the development of Greek communities that had extended citizenship to ethnic Syrians generated a “third space.” Within this symbolic framework, local subjects reoriented idioms of diverse cultural origins in ways that produced innovative expressions of Greekness and Romanness.;The first chapter explores how the Seleucid king Antiochus IV (175-164 BCE) promoted commonality among ethnic Greeks and Syrians. He did so by prompting Greek cities to mint coinage with Near Eastern idioms and by conferring the rank of Greek city upon Near Eastern communities. The second examines Cicero’s relationships with prominent Near Easterners and how he portrayed them in his extensive writings. While it explores Cicero’s perspectives, it also shows how Near Easterners responded to the intervention of Roman imperial figures such as Cicero, who was the proconsul of Cilicia in 51-50 BCE. The succeeding chapters demonstrate how civic identifications and affiliations were articulated in particular parts of the Near East during various stages of Roman imperial intervention. After the reign of Augustus, the Roman imperial administration increasingly prompted Greek cities to grant citizenship to Syrians or even transformed Near Eastern communities into official Greek poleis. Individuals with Aramaic names and Near Eastern genealogies appear in the inscriptions and papyri of numerous Greek city-states and Roman “colonies” as citizens and civic councilors, and they often signed

1143 Establishments: L beck, Revesby Abbey, Kelso Abbey, Valbuena Abbey $14.13 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Lübeck – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The area around Lübeck was settled after the last Ice Age. Several Neolithic dolmens can be found in the area. In addition to this, around 700 AD Slavic peoples started to come into the eastern parts of Holstein which had been left by many Germanic inhabitants in the course of the Migration Period. By the early 9th century Charlemagne, whose Christianisation attempts were opposed by Saxons, moved Saxons out and brought in Polabian Slavs, who were allied to Charlemagne, in their stead. Liubice (“lovely”) was founded on the Trave banks about four kilometres north of the present-day city centre of Lübeck. In the 10th century it became the most important settlement of the Obotrite confederacy and a castle was built. The settlement was burned down in 1128 by pagan Rani from Rügen. The modern town was founded by Adolf II, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, in 1143 as a German settlement on the river island Bucu. He established a new castle which was first mentioned by Helmold in 1147. Adolf had to cede the castle to Henry the Lion in 1158. After Henry’s fall in 1181, the town became an Imperial city for eight years. Emperor Barbarossa gave the city a ruling council with twenty members that survived into the 19th century. This council was dominated by merchants and caused Lübeck’s politics to be dominated by trade interests for centuries to come. The town and castle changed ownership for a period afterwards and was part of the Duchy of Saxony until 1192, of the County of Holstein until 1217 and part of Denmark until the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227. Lübeck’s seal, 1280Around 1200 the port became the main point of departure for colonists leaving for the Baltic territories conquered by the Livonian Order and,

1406 Establishments: Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven $14.13 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. For almost five hundred years, it served as the home of emperors and their households, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government. Built in 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 980 surviving buildings with 8,707 bays of rooms and covers 720,000 m (7,800,000 sq ft). The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. Since 1925, the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum, whose extensive collection of artwork and artifacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Part of the museum’s former collection is now located in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Both museums descend from the same institution, but were split after the Chinese Civil War. The Gate of Divine Might, the northern gate. The lower tablet reads “The Palace Museum” ()The common English name, “the Forbidden City,” is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zjinchéng; literally “Purple Forbidden City”). Another English name of similar origin is “Forbidden Palace”. The name “Zijin Cheng” is a name with significance on many levels. Zi, or “Purple”, refers to the North Star, which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star, and in traditional Chinese astrology was the abode of the Celestial Emperor. The surrounding celesti… More:

1431 in Europe: 1431 in France, 1431 in Italy, 1431 in Portugal, 1431 in Scotland, Trial of Joan of Arc, Battle of Inverlochy $14.13 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Battle of Domalice (Czech : Bitva u Domalic ) or Battle of Taus (German : Schlacht bei Taus ) was fought on August 14th, 1431 as the part of the 5th crusade against Hussites . The crusade was sent to Bohemia after the negotiations they were held in Pressburg and Cheb between Hussites and the emperor Sigismund had failed.The Imperial army was besieging the city of Domalice since August 8th, when the sight of the approaching and singing Hussite relief army led by Prokop the Bald led to mass panicking among the crusaders, who fled through the Bohemian Forest . The Hussites immediately set after the fleeing Imperial army and annihilated its remnants completely.The crusader army was accompanied by papal legate Julian Cesarini who lost his whole luggage in the retreat, including the secret correspondence and the Papal bull charging him to hire crusaders.Sources This article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia. Battle of TausThis article incorporates information from the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia. Hussite WarsCoordinates : 49°2430N 12°5936E / 49.408272°N 12.993437°E / 49.408272; 12.993437A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at The Battle of Higueruela was fought at Higueruela on 1 July 1431 between the forces of John II of Castile , led by Álvaro de Luna , and troops loyal to Muhammed VIII , Nasrid Sultan of Granada . The battle was a modest victory for the forces of Castile . Following this battle, John II of Castile installed Yusuf IV , grandson of Muhammed VI , as Sultan of Granada .The battle is depicted in a famous series of fresco paintings by Fabrizio Castello, Orazio Cambiaso and Lazzaro Tavarone in the Gallery of Battles at the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial

1686 in Europe: 1686 in Denmark, 1686 in England, 1686 in France, 1686 in Italy, 1686 in Lithuania, 1686 in Norway, Battle of Buda $14.13 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Events Arts and literature Births Deaths A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at The Battle of Buda (1686) was fought between the Holy League and Ottoman Turkey , as part of the follow-up campaign in Hungary after the Battle of Vienna . The Holy League took Buda after a long siege .After the unsuccessful second siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, which started the Great Turkish War , an imperial counteroffensive started for the re-conquest of Hungary, so that the Hungarian capital Buda could be freed from the Turks.Formation of the Holy League In 1541, Buda was conquered by the Turks in the Siege of Buda (1541) , and was under Turkish rule for the next 145 years. Following the Turkish defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I saw the opportunity for a counterstrike. With the aid of Pope Innocent XI , the Holy League was formed on 5 March 1684, with King Sobieski of Poland , Emperor Leopold I, and the Republic of Venice agreeing to an alliance against the Turks.First siege, 1684 In the spring of 1684, an army of about 38,000 men marched under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine , to free the city of Buda from the Turks.After the main army crossed the Danube at Esztergom on 13 June, the front of the imperial army under the command of Maximilian Lorenz von Starhemberg and the cavalry general Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden arrived at the castle town of Visegrád on 15 June.On 16 June, the town of Esztergom was taken by storm by the imperial troops in spite of its strong walls, after a gate was destroyed by cannons. The majority of the Turkish occupation troops were killed and the city was plundered. Only a few Turks managed to withdraw to the castle on the rock above the city. After a siege of one-and-a-half days, the remaining Turkish

1738 in Europe: 1738 in Austria, 1738 in England, 1738 in France, 1738 in Great Britain, 1738 in Ireland, 1738 in Romania $14.14 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Great Plague of 1738 was an outbreak of the bubonic plague between 1738-1740 that affected areas in the modern nations of Romania , Hungary , Ukraine , Serbia , Croatia , and Austria . Although no exact figure is available, the epidemic likely killed over 50,000 people.In February of 1738 the plague hit the Banat region, having been spread there by the Imperial Army .According to the 1740 Hungarian Diet, the Great Plague claimed 36,000 lives .Southeastern Transylvania may have been the hardest area hit. Over the following eight years, the plague killed a sixth of the population of Temeschwar . Bucharest ’s Monument of the Holy Trinity in Unirii Square is dedicated to the plague’s victims. The plague would return to hit the city again in 1762-1763 .Other cities in the region were also stricken. Between October 1737 and April 1738, 111 deaths were reported in Zernyest, and 70 in Feketehalom . More than 10 % of the population of Kolozsvár was reported to have been killed by the pandemic .The disease’s spread extended to the Adriatic . It made its way to the island of Bra in modern-day Croatia .By the summer, the Serbian region of Grad Zrenjanin was also affected .See also (online edition) References (URLs online) A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at …

1782 Books (Study Guide): Siku Quanshu, Philokalia, an History of the Corruptions of Christianity, Confessions, 1782 in Literature $14.13 Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Siku Quanshu, Philokalia, an History of the Corruptions of Christianity, Confessions, 1782 in Literature, Supplementum Plantarum, Reveries of a Solitary Walker, Letters From an American Farmer. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: The Siku Quanshu, variously translated as the Imperial Collection of Four, Emperor’s Four Treasuries, Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature, or Complete Library of the Four Treasuries, is the largest collection of books in Chinese history and probably the most ambitious editorial enterprise in the history of the world. During the height of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century CE, the Qianlong Emperor commissioned the Siku quanshu, to demonstrate that the Qing could surpass the Ming Dynasty’s 1403 Yongle Encyclopedia, which was the world’s largest encyclopedia at the time. The editorial board included 361 scholars, with Ji Yun () and Lu Xixiong () as chief editors. They began compilation in 1773 and completed it in 1782. The editors collected and annotated over 10,000 manuscripts from the imperial collections and other libraries, destroyed some 3,000 titles, or works, that were considered to be anti-Manchu, and selected 3,461 titles, or works, for inclusion into the Siku quanshu. They were bound in 36,381 volumes () with more than 79,000 chapters (), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 million Chinese characters. Scribes copied every word by hand, and according to Wilkinson (200:274), “The copyists (of whom there were 3,826) were not paid in cash but rewarded with official posts after they had transcribed a given number of words within a set time.” Four copies for the emperor were placed in specially constructed libraries in the Forbidden City, Old Summer Palace, Shenyang, and Wenjin Chamber,

1790s Plays (Study Guide): 1790 Plays, 1792 Plays, 1794 Plays, 1795 Plays, 1796 Plays, 1798 Plays, 1799 Plays, Wallenstein $14.13 Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: 1790 Plays, 1792 Plays, 1794 Plays, 1795 Plays, 1796 Plays, 1798 Plays, 1799 Plays, Wallenstein, Philosophy in the Bedroom, Vortigern and Rowena, the Guilty Mother, the Fall of Robespierre, André, the Castle Spectre, Torquato Tasso. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Wallenstein is the popular designation for a trilogy of dramas by Friedrich Schiller. It consists of the plays Wallenstein’s Camp (Wallensteins Lager) with a lengthy prologue, The Piccolomini (Die Piccolomini), and Wallenstein’s Death (Wallensteins Tod). Schiller himself also structured the trilogy into two parts, with Wallenstein I including Wallenstein’s Camp and The Piccolomini, and Wallenstein II consisting of Wallenstein’s Death. He completed the trilogy in 1799. In this drama Schiller addresses the decline of the famous general Albrecht von Wallenstein, basing it loosely on actual historical events during the Thirty Years’ War. Wallenstein fails at the height of his power as successful commander-in-chief of the imperial army when he begins to rebel against his emperor, Ferdinand II. The action is set some 16 years after the start of the war, in the winter of 1633/1634 and begins in the Bohemian city of Pilsen, where Wallenstein is based with his troops. For the second and third acts of the third play the action moves to Eger, where Wallenstein has fled and where he was assassinated on 26 February 1634. Introducing the second and third parts, Wallenstein’s Camp is by far the shortest of the three. Whilst the main action takes place among the higher ranks of the troops and nobility, Wallenstein’s Camp reflects popular opinion, particularly that of the soldiers in Wallenstein’s camp. They are enthusiastic about their commander, who to all appearances has managed to bring together

1855 Architecture $47.7 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Government House, Hong Kong, Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes, Elias Bond, Craigflower Manor and Schoolhouse, Waiakea Mission Station-Hilo Station, Fort Street Presbyterian Church, South Carolina Governor’s Mansion, Trinity Church (Elmira, New York), Academy of Music, St. Elizabeth’s Church, Wiesbaden, Dodge-Greenleaf House, Shirley Windmill, Boon Island Light, Kyoto Imperial Palace, Standard House, Point Loma Light, St Matthew’s Church, Sheffield, South Carolina State House, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company Office, Endowment House, Przemysl Fortress, Tennessee State Capitol, Bragg-Mitchell Mansion, Baltimore County Circuit Courthouses, Foster Botanical Garden, Rock Harbor Light, Old Stone Church (Cleveland, Ohio), Benicia Arsenal, Seven Foot Knoll Light, Mount Wollaston Cemetery, Prater’s Mill, Petit Manan Light, Arbor Lodge State Historical Park and Arboretum, Hagel Family Farm, Old College, Leland Castle, Armsmear, Rogers Hall, Albania Plantation House, Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple, West Dennis Light, Palais de L’industrie, Justin Smith Morrill Homestead, Jones Point Light, White Shoal Light, St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church and Rectory, John S. Moffat House, Leopoldov Prison, St. John the Evangelist Roman Catholic Church (Baltimore, Maryland), Illinois Executive Mansion, Lynchburg Courthouse, Hillforest, Richardson Hall, St. Lawrence University, Harris Farm (Walkersville, Maryland), New Stone Hall, Alexander Chene House, First Presbyterian Church (Batavia, New York), Baker Island Light, Earnscliffe, Saint Alphonsus Church, New Orleans, Moross House, Tait-Ervin House, Elmira College Old Campus, Brigham Hall, Manana Island Sound Signal Station, Oswego City Library, Hocking House, Saint Paul’s Vestry House, Schuyler County Courthouse Complex, Bruce-Briggs Brick Block,

1869 in Military History: Military Units and Formations Established in 1869, Imperial Japanese Navy, 24th Infantry Regiment $19.99 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Military Units and Formations Established in 1869, Imperial Japanese Navy, 24th Infantry Regiment, Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal. Excerpt: 24th Infantry Regiment U.S. Infantry Regiments History The 24th Infantry Regiment (one of the Buffalo Soldier regiments) was organized on November 1, 1869 from the 38th and 41st Infantry Regiments. All the enlisted soldiers were black, either veterans of the U.S. Colored Troops or freed slaves. From its activation to 1898, the 24th Infantry served throughout the Western United States. Its missions included guarding posts, battling Indians, and protecting roadways against bandits.Spanish-American War 1898 saw the 24th Infantry deploy to Cuba as part of the U.S. Expeditionary Force in the Spanish-American War . At the climactic battle of San Juan Hill , the 24th Infantry assaulted and seized the Spanish-held blockhouse and trench system on the hill.Philippine-American War The 24th U.S. Infantry at drill, Camp Walker, Philippine Islands 1902In 1899 the Regiment deployed to the Philippine Islands to help suppress a guerilla movement in the Philippine-American War . The Regiment would return to the Islands again in 1905 and 1911. Though the 24th fought a number of battles in the Philippines, one of the most notable occurred on December 7, 1899, when 9 soldiers from the Regiment routed 100 guerillas from their trenches.Mexican Border In 1916 the 24th Infantry guarded the U.S.-Mexico border to keep the Mexican Revolution from spilling on to U.S. soil. When it did, the 24th joined the “Punitive Expedition ” under General Pershing and entered Mexico to fight Pancho Villa ’s forces. In 1919, rebels and troops of the Mexican government fought in Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua , which borders the U.S. city of El Paso , Texas. The 24th Infantry

1890s in Rail Transport: 1890 in Rail Transport, 1891 in Rail Transport, 1892 in Rail Transport, 1893 in Rail Transport, 1894 in Rail Transport $20.86 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: 1890 in Rail Transport, 1891 in Rail Transport, 1892 in Rail Transport, 1893 in Rail Transport, 1894 in Rail Transport, 1895 in Rail Transport, 1896 in Rail Transport, 1897 in Rail Transport, 1898 in Rail Transport, 1899 in Rail Transport, Empire State Express, Pullman Strike, Tsavo Maneaters, California Limited, Far Eastern Railway, Lake Shore Limited, Buffalo Switchmen’s Strike, Railroad Safety Appliance Act, Flying Bluenose, Light Railways Act 1896, Pioneer Limited, Crush, Texas, Imperial Limited, Colonial, Nord Express, Calgary and Edmonton Railway, Miss Nellie Bly Special, Great Crush Collision March. Excerpt: The Empire State Express was one of the named passenger trains and onetime flagship of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (a predecessor of the modern New York Central Railroad). It became the world’s first high-speed passenger train on September 14, 1891, when it covered the 436 miles (702 kilometers) between New York City and Buffalo in just 7 hours and 6 minutes (including stops). The train averaged 61.4 miles-per-hour (98.8 km/h), a new world speed record in rail travel, with an officially-recorded top speed of 82 mph (132 km/h), though observers claimed to have clocked the train at 112 mph (180 km/h), or 180 km/h. In short order, the train would gain worldwide celebrity, and its route would later stretch to 620 miles (998 kilometers), with Cleveland, Ohio as its western terminus. In addition to its other notable accomplishments, the Empire State was the first passenger train to maintain a regular schedule speed of over 52 mph (84 km/h), and the first to make runs of 142.88 miles (230 km) between stops (between New York City and Albany: the longest scheduled nonstop run ever attempted). Promotional cover carried o… More:

1894 in Transport: 1894 in Rail Transport, 1894 Ships, Russian Battleship Petropavlovsk, Hms Magnificent, Uss Freedom, Pullman Strike $23.09 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: 1894 in Rail Transport, 1894 Ships, Russian Battleship Petropavlovsk, Hms Magnificent, Uss Freedom, Pullman Strike, Ss St. Louis, Uss Brutus, Turbinia, Hms Hazard, Uss Resolute, Usat Thomas, Russian Coast Defense Ship Admiral Seniavin, Ss City of Everett, Russian Battleship Sissoi Veliky, Hms Hussar, Hms Halcyon, United States Lightship Lv-58, Hms Harrier, Uss Lebanon, Japanese Battleship Tango, Uss Merrimac, Uss Ericsson, Uss Katherine K., Hms Decoy, French Armoured Cruiser Latouche-Tréville, Ss Saint Ninian, French Battleship Carnot, Mersey, Hnoms Æger, French Armoured Cruiser Bruix, Hms Conflict, French Cruiser Troude, Clyde, Uss Derry, French Armoured Cruiser Chanzy, Hms Ardent, Hms Hasty, Hms Charger, Hms Sturgeon, Hms Surly, Hms Starfish, Hms Rocket, Hms Shark, Hms Skate, Hms Lynx, Hms Boxer. Excerpt: The Petropavlovsk () was the lead ship of the Petropavlovsk class of battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russo-Japanese War, Petropavlovsk was a flagship of the First Pacific Squadron, taking part in battles against the Imperial Japanese Navy. On March 31, 1904, the battleship was sunk after striking two mines near Port Arthur. The sinking of the ship and the death of Vice Admiral Stepan Makarov who was on board, were losses that affected Russia greatly in the Russo-Japanese War. New battleships in the Imperial Russian Navy got their names from famous land and naval battles of the 18th and 19th centuries. Petropavlovsk and her sister ships Poltava and Sevastopol received their names in this manner. The name Petropavlovsk refers to the Siege of the port of Petropavlovsk during the Crimean War. A wooden destroyer leader built by Admiralty Shipyard in Saint Petersburg with 58 guns and a displacement of 6175 tons had… More:

18th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army) $46.98 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The IJA Eighteenth Infantry Regiment Hohei Dai Ju hachi Rentai was an infantry regiment in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign and unit code was Thunder-3219. The unit was formed in 1884 and based in the city of Toyohashi as a branch of the Nagoya Garrison. Throughout its history, the majority of its soldiers came from the Mikawa region, or eastern Aichi pr

190: Campaign Against Dong Zhuo, Battle of Xingyang, List of State Leaders in 190, 1909 in Architecture, 190 Ad $14.13 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Campaign against Dong Zhuo () was a punitive campaign in the year 190 during the Eastern Han Dynasty of ancient China. It was initiated by a coalition of regional officials and warlords against the Chancellor Dong Zhuo. The members of the coalition claimed that Dong Zhuo had the intention of usurping the throne by holding the Emperor Xian hostage and by establishing a strong influence in the Imperial Court. They justified their campaign as to remove Dong Zhuo from power. The campaign led to the evacuation of the capital city Luoyang and the shifting of the Imperial Court to the new capital city of Chang’an. It was a prelude to the end of the Han Dynasty and, subsequently, the Three Kingdoms period. In the Chinese literary classic Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the campaign is memorable for at least two famous incidents: one is Guan Yu’s slaying of Hua Xiong; the other is the three-on-one duel between the three sworn brothers (Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei) and Lü Bu. The two scenes are often reenacted in Chinese opera along with other famous scenes from the novel. Both incidents however, are fictional; Hua Xiong was killed in battle with Sun Jian. Liu Bei, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu were not active in the campaign. They were fighting remnant Yellow Turbans in the north and thus did not duel Lü Bu, who, historically, was routed by Sun Jian. Following the death of the Emperor Ling in 189, the General-in-Chief He Jin summoned the frontier general Dong Zhuo from the northwest into the capital city of Luoyang. Dong was ordered to lead his troops into the capital city to aid He Jin in eliminating the eunuch faction, the Ten Attendants, from the Imperial Court. However, before Dong Zhuo’s arrival, He Jin’s plan was revealed and he was assassinated by … More:

1933 in Military History: Conflicts in 1933, Military Units and Formations Established in 1933, 1st Ss Division Leibstandarte Ss Adolf Hitler $25.04 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Conflicts in 1933, Military Units and Formations Established in 1933, 1st Ss Division Leibstandarte Ss Adolf Hitler, Business Plot, Royal Malay Regiment, Kansas City Massacre, Fourth Encirclement Campaign Against Jiangxi Soviet, Siamese Coup D’état of 1933, Boworadet Rebellion, 800 Naval Air Squadron, Hnlms de Zeven Provinciën, Defense of the Great Wall, 801 Naval Air Squadron, Fifth Encirclement Campaign Against Jiangxi Soviet, Russian Northern Fleet, 820 Naval Air Squadron, Soviet Northern Fleet, 810 Naval Air Squadron, Special Service Battalion, Battle of Rehe, 802 Naval Air Squadron, 821 Naval Air Squadron, 1 Special Service Battalion, Kazym Rebellion, 824 Naval Air Squadron, Manchukuo Imperial Guards, Ija Cavalry Group. Excerpt: The Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) was Adolf Hitler’s personal Bodyguard Regiment (“Leibstandarte” being a somewhat archaic German expression for the personal bodyguard of a military leader). The LSSAH independently participated in combat during the Invasion of Poland. The LSSAH was amalgamated into the Waffen-SS together with the SS-VT and the combat units of the SS-TV prior to Operation Barbarossa in 1941. By the end of World War II it had been increased in size from a regiment to a Panzer division. The elite division was a component of the Waffen-SS which was found guilty of war crimes in the Nuremberg Trials. In the earliest days of the NSDAP, it was realized by the leaders that bodyguard units composed of trustworthy and loyal men would be a wise development. Ernst Röhm formed a guard formation from the 19.Granatwerfer-Kompanie, and from this formation the Sturmabteilung (SA) soon evolved. Adolf Hitler, realizing the potential threat that the SA had presented, in early 1923 ordered the formation of a… More:

1982 Animal Births: Bubba, Chester Drescher, $19.99 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: 1982 Racehorse Births, Mom’s Command, Little Bold John, Lady’s Secret, Spend a Buck, Acatenango, Proud Truth, Fairy King, Bonecrusher, Chief’s Crown, Theatrical, Skywalker, Creme Fraiche, Slip Anchor, Turkoman, Triptych, Tank’s Prospect, La Lorgnette, Snaafi Dancer, Dauphin Fabuleux, Bessarabian, Oh So Sharp, Waverley Star, Candy Stripes, Imperial Choice, Bubba, Little Missouri, Rory’s Jester, Cool Ground, Chester Drescher. Excerpt: Bubba (c. 1982 – August 22, 2006) was a Queensland grouper who resided at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, Illinois . Bubba is believed to be the first fish to undergo chemotherapy . He was often nicknamed “The Super Grouper.”History The 69.3 kilogram Bubba was donated to the aquarium in 1987 by an anonymous donor; at the time he was a female about ten inches long. Bubba switched gender to male (being a protogynous hermaphrodite ) in the mid-1990s and eventually grew to 154 pounds while living in the aquarium’s “Wild Reef” shark exhibit. In 2001, Bubba developed an unusual growth on his forehead, which was eventually diagnosed to be malignant ; the aquarium called in veterinarians to remove the growth surgically and treat Bubba with chemotherapy that year, and again in 2003 when it regrew.Shedd officials stated that Bubba was popular with cancer survivors, especially children, and was a favorite of visitors. The oncology department of Hope Children’s Hospital in Oak Lawn, Illinois recognized Bubba with a tile in the ward. Bubba died in August 2006, presumably due to problems with his health that were related to his old age and medical history. References (URLs online) A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Chester Drescher was a performing dog born in 1982 in Queens , New York City , New York , USA ; he died in 2000.He was Fran Drescher

A Brief History of Hong Kong from Its Prehistoric Beginnings to Its Transfer of Sovereignty to China $15.42 New – This book is about the history of Hong Kong, from its ancient peoples to a modern metropolis. Readers will learn about its rule under Imperial China, how the British gained power of the city, and the process of transferring it back over to Chinese leadership. The book discusses Japanese occupation during World War II and the Battle for Hong Kong as well.Project Webster represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and inform

A Brief History of Hong Kong from Its Prehistoric Beginnings to Its Transfer of Sovereignty to China $15.42 Used – This book is about the history of Hong Kong, from its ancient peoples to a modern metropolis. Readers will learn about its rule under Imperial China, how the British gained power of the city, and the process of transferring it back over to Chinese leadership. The book discusses Japanese occupation during World War II and the Battle for Hong Kong as well.Project Webster represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and infor

A Dreaming Detective $25.97 Used – Summoned by the new, fanatically determined Chief Constable, Harriet Martens is startled to be greeted with the blunt question: “Who killed the Preacher?” She is then tasked with making use of the latest DNA techniques to investigate the murder, thirty years ago, of a charismatic youth known as the Boy Preacher, strangled in the empty ballroom of the city’s Imperial Hotel, a building now slated for demolition. However, she finds that only seven people had access to the scene, and Harriet

A Dreaming Detective $26.71 New – Summoned by the new, fanatically determined Chief Constable, Harriet Martens is startled to be greeted with the blunt question: “Who killed the Preacher?” She is then tasked with making use of the latest DNA techniques to investigate the murder, thirty years ago, of a charismatic youth known as the Boy Preacher, strangled in the empty ballroom of the city’s Imperial Hotel, a building now slated for demolition. However, she finds that only seven people had access to the scene, and Harriet h

A Letter from a Gentleman in the City to One in the Country Concerning the Bill for Disabling the Duke of York to Inherit the Imperial Crown of This $10.81 Gentleman in the City,Paperback, English-language edition,Pub by EEBO Editions, ProQuest

A Little New Orleans Cookbook $1.99 Used – The elegance and exuberance of New Orleans is reflected in this delightful collection of recipes for the Crescent City’s traditional dishes. Over the centuries, Native American, French African, and European influences have combined to produce a distinctive and flavorful cuisine. From French Market Doughnuts, Turtle Soup, and Crawfish Pie to Oyster Rockefeller, Shrimp Stuffed with Crab Meat Imperial, and Butter Pralines, the recipes in this strikingly illustrated volume are a tribute to Ne

A Military History of Italy $34.96 This book follows Italy’s military history from the late Renaissance through the present day, arguing that its leaders have consistently looked back to the power of Imperial Rome as they sought to bolster Italy’s status and influence in the world. As early as the late 15th century, Italian city-states played important roles in European conflicts. After unification in 1861, the military would become the nation’s unifying force, the melting pot of the state. Italy’s industrial and then colonial expansion brought it into the wars of the 20th century. The rise of fascist movement was the disastrous consequence of Italy’s desire for colonial and military power, a history that the nation still confronts as it seeks to play a role in world politics.Wealthy, urban Italy has always had great political, cultural, and strategic importance for Europe. The leaders of its independent city-states intervened militarily in struggles among the European powers to its north and west but also against the expanding Muslim empires to its south and east. Italian culture supported military innovation, developing (for instance) new fortifications and naval organizations. After centuries of division, which limited Italy’s power against the larger, unified European nations, the military played an important role in the nationalist unification of the entire country. Rapid industrialization followed, and along with it Italy’s forays into overseas colonialism. Italy became a major power, but its turn to militant fascism during its expansionist era continues to haunt its state and military.

A Military History of Italy $54.96 New – This book follows Italy’s military history from the late Renaissance through the present day, arguing that its leaders have consistently looked back to the power of Imperial Rome as they sought to bolster Italy’s status and influence in the world. As early as the late 15th century, Italian city-states played important roles in European conflicts. After unification in 1861, the military would become the nation’s unifying force, the melting pot of the state. Italy’s industrial and then colon

A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul $46.02 Used – Using a wealth of contemporary Ottoman sources, this book recreates the social history of Istanbul, a huge, cosmopolitan metropolis and imperial capital of the Ottoman Empire. Seat of the Sultan and an opulent international emporium, Istanbul was also a city of violence shaken regularly by natural disasters and by the turmoil of sultanic politics and violent revolt. Its inhabitants, entertained by imperial festivities and cared for by the great pious foundations which touched every aspect

A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul $30.92 New – Using a wealth of contemporary Ottoman sources, this book recreates the social history of Istanbul, a huge, cosmopolitan metropolis and imperial capital of the Ottoman Empire. Seat of the Sultan and an opulent international emporium, Istanbul was also a city of violence shaken regularly by natural disasters and by the turmoil of sultanic politics and violent revolt. Its inhabitants, entertained by imperial festivities and cared for by the great pious foundations which touched every aspect

A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul $46.02 New – Using a wealth of contemporary Ottoman sources, this book recreates the social history of Istanbul, a huge, cosmopolitan metropolis and imperial capital of the Ottoman Empire. Seat of the Sultan and an opulent international emporium, Istanbul was also a city of violence shaken regularly by natural disasters and by the turmoil of sultanic politics and violent revolt. Its inhabitants, entertained by imperial festivities and cared for by the great pious foundations which touched every aspect

A Social History of Ottoman Istanbul $99 Using a wealth of contemporary Ottoman sources, this book recreates the social history of Istanbul, a huge, cosmopolitan metropolis and imperial capital of the Ottoman Empire. Seat of the Sultan and an opulent international emporium, Istanbul was also a city of violence shaken regularly by natural disasters and by the turmoil of sultanic politics and violent revolt. Its inhabitants, entertained by imperial festivities and cared for by the great pious foundations which touched every aspect of their lives, also amused themselves in the numerous pleasure gardens and the many public baths of the city. While the book is focused on Istanbul, it presents a broad picture of Ottoman society, how it was structured and how it developed and transformed across four centuries. As such, the book offers an exciting alternative to the more traditional histories of the Ottoman Empire.

A Syllabus Of Medieval History, 395-1300 $14.31 Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free.Excerpt from book:Section 3Wide-spread custom, dating from pre-Christian times, adopted by church, c. The compurgators. How far responsible. How obtained. Number. Limitations in use. IV. ORDEALS. a. Theory. b. Different kinds. c. The formulas. V. THE WAGER OF BATTLE. a. Theory. b. Persistence. Suitability to feudal ideas. c. Used for purely legal questions. VI. PUNISHMENT FOR DEEDS OF VIOLENCE. a. Primitive idea of retaliation. b. Advance in civilization. c. Valuation of all injuries (Alfred’s code, Frisian law). d. Result, not purpose, considered. Late illustrations from laws for students. e. The textit{Wergeld. Values of different classes of persons. CONCLUSION. INFLUENCE OF ROMAN LAW. a. Causing codes to be written. b. In new cases. c. Gradual influence in most cases, especially through church. d. Roman maxim, impossibility of proving a negative. 13. FUSION OF TWO CIVILIZATIONS. INTRODUCTION. NEED OF NEW BLOOD IN THE NEW CIVILIZATION. Pessimistic views of Salvian. textit{(Hodgkin: Italy, Bk. 7, textit{ch. 20.) i. What The Germans Added. textit{(Adams: Civilization, ch. 5.) a. Importance of the individual. b. Public assemblies. c. Elective monarch. Section 4d. Common law. e. Specific customs. II. HOW THE GERMANS SETTLED. a. Relative number. b. Dislike of city life. III. CONTRAST OF THE TWO CIVILIZATIONS. a. Roman. Commerce, industry, education, worship. b. German. Agriculture, chase, war. IV. CONSERVATIVE ELEA1ENTS IN THE OLDER. a. The Church. Organization, missions, ideals, St. Augustine, Bede. b. The imperial idea. Awe which it inspired. Persistence. c. The Latin language. Use in Church and in education. d. The Roman law. e. The city. Independence and continuity. f. The textit{villa. …

A Tourist’s Guide to Traveling to Tokyo $17.05 New – This book is about the city of Tokyo and its surrounding region. Readers will learn about the role of the city as home to the Japanese Government and Imperial Family. The book also discusses transportation in and around the city, its obsession with sports, and its rich history. Project Webster represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, this content has been curated from Wikipedia articles a

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